1.利用类型系统和 borrow checker 实现的不需要 gc 的内存安全
2.编译时检查的 data race
3.直接由核心团队设计和维护的 cargo, rustup 等工具
fn use_lock(mutex: &Mutex<Vec<i32>>) {
// acquire the lock, taking ownership of a guard;
// the lock is held for the rest of the scope
let mut guard = lock(mutex);
// access the data by mutably borrowing the guard
let vec = access(&mut guard);
// vec has type `&mut Vec<i32>`
vec.push(3);
// lock automatically released here, when `guard` is destroyed
}多样化的并发方式
actor model